—utilized for a function phrase ahead of a proper noun to distinguish the problem from the referent from a common, former, or hypothetical issueFrom the International Phonetic Alphabet, ⟨a⟩ is employed for the open up front unrounded vowel, ⟨ä⟩ is utilized for the open up central unrounded vowel, and ⟨ɑ⟩ is employed for the open bac